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Page menu: quotations on MMR
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MMR References
There has been considerable controversy in the media about the link between the triple MMR vaccination for children and the following conditions:
- Gastrointestinal abnormalities
- Measles virus
- Developmental disorders
In the chart to the right are links to relevant quotations from various medical journals regarding the triple MMR vaccine. Simply click on the title for extracts from the papers or scroll down this page.
Breakspear Hospital set up the Measles, Rubella and Mumps programme because we researched our concerns, examined scientific reports regarding the combined vaccines, and concluded that it is best to vaccinate with single, mercury-free vaccines whenever possible.
It has been shown that children who had the combined MMR and subsequently had deterioration in mental state also had a problem in their immunity. Many children may have abnormal responses to milk or egg and these foods are used as cultures in the preparation of the measles, rubella and mumps vaccines.
Breakspear Hospital has specialised in allergy treatment for over 25 years and we are very well aware that there is a very high incidence of food sensitivity amongst small children. (In fact, in 2005, Bayer held a conference regarding the allergy concerns in the paediatric population.) If your child has milk or egg sensitivities, we recommend speaking with one of our physicians before immunising your child.
There are countless articles regarding the possibility of deteriorating effects from the triple MMR vaccine. Also, unfortunately, there have been front page stories about scandalous unregistered clinics administering separate vaccinations while conducting fraudulent activities. Both of these much publicised subjects have made it difficult for many parents to decide what to do. The vast majority of medical professionals believe that we must immunise against disease. Breakspear Hospital is a long-time registered clinic that offers the single vaccines for anyone with concerns over the combined vaccines and/or with allergies or sensitivities.
On 31 October 2005 in the Daily Mail, columnist Melanie Phillips wrote "MMR safe? Baloney. This is one scandal that's getting worse." Her article reviewed the well-publicised Cochrane Library report and criticised those who interpreted the study as endorsing the single MMR vaccine as "safe". She stated, "These people should start by reading the actual study rather than lazily recycling the press release. For the study didn't say anything like this at all." To view her article, visit the Daily Mail's website.
Not immunising against these three diseases could lead to serious complications, which include ear infections, deafness, rashes, infertility, acute encephalitis, meningitis and death.
Journal of Clinical Immunology 2003
Ashwood P, Anthony A, Pellicer AA , Torrente F, Walker-Smith JA, Wakefield AJ.
Intestinal lymphocyte populations in children with regressive autism: evidence for extensive mucosal immunopathology. J Clin Immunol 2003;23:504-17.
Inflammatory intestinal pathology has been reported in children with regressive autism.
Duodenal, ileal, and colonic biopsies were obtained from 52 affected children, 25 histologically normal, and 54 histologically inflamed, developmentally normal controls.
Histologically there was a prominent mucosal eosinophil infiltrate in affected children that was significantly lower in those on a gluten- and casein-free diet.
Journal of Infectious Diseases 1981
Crawford GE, Gremillion DH.
Epidemic measles and rubella in air-force recruits: impact of immunization. J Infect Dis 1981;14:403-10.
Frequency of diarrhoea in US Air Force recruits comparing unvaccinated controls and recipients of monovalent measles vaccine, monovalent rubella vaccine or simultaneous measles and rubella vaccines *=P>0.001 versus controls.
Journal of Biomedical Science 2002
Singh VK, Lin SX, Newell E, Nelson C.
Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism. J Biomed Sci 2002;9:359-64.
[We] conducted a serological study of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and MBP autoantibodies. Using serum samples of 125 autistic children and 92 control children, antibodies were assayed by ELISA or immunoblotting methods. ELISA analysis showed a significant increase in the level of MMR antibodies in autistic children. Immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of an unusual MMR antibody in 75 of 125 (60%) autistic sera but not in control sera.
We conducted a laboratory study of MMR antibodies and MBP autoantibodies in sera of autistic and control children. Since this study was an extension of our ongoing research, we used previously collected serum samples that were stored frozen at –20 degrees Celsius (14-17). The study included a total of 217 children: 125 autistic children (aged 4-10 years) and 92 control children (58 normal children aged 5-13 years, 6 siblings aged 6-9 years, and 28 other disease children aged 4-12 years with behavioural disturbances other than autism).
Molecular Psychiatry 2002
Torrente F, Ashwood P, Day R, Machado N, Furlano R, Anthony A, et al.
Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism. Mol Psychiat 2002;7:375-82.
We now compare duodenal biopsies in 25 children with regressive autism to 11 with coeliac disease, five with cerebral palsy and mental retardation and 18 histologically normal controls.
Standard histopathology showed increased enterocyte and Paneth cell numbers in the autistic children. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased lymphocyte infiltration in both epithelium and lamina propria with upregulated crypt cell proliferation, compared to normal and cerebral palsy controls.
Most strikingly, IgG deposition was seen on the basolateral epithelial surface in 23/25 autistic children co-localising with complement C1q. This was not seen in the other conditions. These findings demonstrate a novel form of enteropathy in autistic children, in which increases in mucosal density and crypt cell proliferation occur with epithelial IgG deposition.
Molecular Pathology 2002
Uhlmann V, Martin CM, Shiels O, Pilkington L, Silva I, Killalea A, Murch SB, et al.
Potential viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Pathol 2002;55:84-90.
Seventy five of ninety one patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ileal lymphonodular hyperplasia and enterocolitis were positive for measles virus in their intestinal tissue compared with five of seventy control patients. Measles virus was identified within the follicular dendritic cells and some lymphocytes in foci of reactive follicular hyperplasia. The copy number of measles virus ranged from 1 to 300,000 copies/ng total RNA.
American Journal of Gastroenterology 2000
Wakefield AJ, Anthony A, Murch SH, Thomson M, Montgomery SM, Davies S, et al.
Enterocolitis in children with developmental disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2285-95.
Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy were performed on 60 affected children (median age 6 years, range 3-16; 53 male). Developmental diagnoses were autism (50 patients).
A new variant of inflammatory bowel disease is present in this group of children with developmental disorders.
Lancet 1998
Wakefield AJ,Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al.
Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet 1998;351:637-41.
We investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder.
Onset of behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in eight of the twelve children, with measles infection in one child, and otitis media in another. All twelve children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic inflammation in the colon in eleven children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with age-matched controls (p=0.003), low haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA in four children.
Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicological Reviews 2000
Wakefield AJ, Montgomery SM. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine: through a glass darkly. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 2000;19:265-83.
Summary of cited, peer reviewed studies bearing on safety of polyvalent measles containing vaccines, prior to licensing of MMR in the UK (1988).
J Child Psychol Psychiat 2005
Honda H, Shimizu Y, Rutter M. No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study. J Child Psychol Psychiat 2005;46:572-9.
This study examined cumulative incidence of ASD up to age seven for children born from 1988 to 1996 and noted that the cumulative incidence of ASD up to age seven increased significantly.
Japan has provided measles vaccination of children aged 12 months to 72 months since 1978 and an MMR vaccination program was launched in April 1989. Due to a high frequency of reports of aseptic meningitis, a suspected side effect of the mumps vaccine (Urabe strain), the program was terminated in April 1993. Subsequently, only monovalent vaccines were administered.
Neuropsychobiology 2005
Dyregulated innuate immune responses in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: their relationship to gastrointestinal symtoms and dietary intervention. Neuropsychobiology 2005;51:77-85.
A new study, dated 28 February 2005, has shown gastrointestinal inflammation in children with Austistic Spectrum Disorder, secondary to immune reactivity to common dietary proteins. Dr Andrew Wakefield found that autistic children have similar inflammatory bowel disease, which could be caused by the MMR vaccine.
The Cochrane Collaboration 2005
Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (Review) 2005, The Cochrane Collaboration, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This review confirms that single vaccines have been shown to be highly effective at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these childhood illnesses. For the complete article, goto www.thecochranelibrary.com
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